Elementary Science, chapter 8. PSc examination

                         Science

                        Chapter-8

1)     How our solar system is consists of?

Ans: Our solar system is consists of sun, moon, earth, planets, satellites and many other different things.

2)     What is called a galaxy?

Ans: The cluster of a large number of stars similar to our sun is called a galaxy.

3)     What is called Milky Way?

Ans: Our solar system is a member of one such galaxy called the Milky Way.

4)     What is called the universe?

Ans: The large number of galaxies and the spaces among them is the universe.

5)     What is called scientific method?

Ans: scientists have devised different strategies to achieve the objectives of studying science. We can call these successful strategies as the scientific method.

6)     What is the main step for studying science?

Ans: The main step for studying science is observation and experimentation.

7)     Who has discovered much new information about sun, moon, and planets using telescope?

Ans: Galileo

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8)     Which is an important objective of science?

Ans: The innovation and the use of instruments to get information is an important objectives of studying science.

9)     How microscope helps the scientist?

Ans: Using microscope scientists have known about very small organisms which are not seen by plain eyes.

10)What is the aim of science?

Ans: The aim of science is to find out the relations among different events.

11)Who gave us a model for correct explanation that the earth rotates on its own axis?

Ans: Copernicus gave us a model for correct explanation that the earth rotates on its own axis.

12)Which gives us day and night?

Ans: Copernicus gave us a model for correct explanation that the earth rotates on its own axis. This gives us day and night.

13)Models or theories cannot be built without innovative thinking and creativity.

14)Science can predict new events and explain old events.

15)How we proceed to a perfect theory?

Ans: A theory stands if the predictions made by it are supported by experiments. If experiments do not support the theory it is modified or discarded. In this way, we proceed to a perfect theory.

16)Which are necessary at a time in the study of science?

Ans: Inspiration, questioning, innovative thinking and theory building are necessary at a time in the study of science.

17)Which is our nearest star?

Ans: the sun.

18)We get heat and light from the sun.

19)Our earth has different motions with the sun as its Centre.

20)Life has evolved on the earth due to sun.

21)How many planets are there in the solar system?

Ans: 8 planets

22)What is the sun?

Ans: The sun is a huge disc of gas, very hot and bright. It has mainly hydrogen and helium gases.

23)Why the earth is different and unique?

Ans: The earth is one of the eight planets of the solar system. It is different and unique because life exists here.

24)How is the volume of the moon?

Ans: The moon is the one of the fiftieth of the volume of the earth.

25)Moon has no light of its own. The light from the sun is reflected by the moon to reach us.

26)How many motions of the earth are there?

Ans: there are two motions of the earth. One is diurnal motion and the another is annual motion.

27)What is diurnal motion?

Ans: The earth rotates on its axis once a day. This motion of the earth is called diurnal motion. The diurnal motion brings days and nights on different places of the earth.

28)What is annual motion?

Ans: The earth moves round the sun in a circle once in 365 days and 6 hours. This motion is called annual motion.

29)The earth makes a 66˚ degree angle with its orbit or line of path.

30)When we see a slice of the moon?

Ans: While the moon moves round the earth, a part of its bright half faces the earth. At this time we see a slice of the moon.

31)What is Omabashya?

Ans: While moving round the earth, the moon comes in between the earth and die sun. As a result there appears the dark night of the new moon or Omabashya.

32)Why do seasons change?

Ans: While rotating round the sun, the earth makes a 66˚ degree angle with its orbit or line of path. This inclination of the axis of the earth during its journey around the sun is responsible for the change of seasons.

33)When we see the whole bright area of the moon?

Ans: When the moon moves round the earth, we see the whole bright area of the moon.

34)What is called lunar month?

Ans: the moon takes 29.5 days to complete its cycle called lunar month.

                    Chapter-9

35)What is called technology?

Ans: the instruments or material which men has invented and used to control environment and solve problems are called technology.

36)Why we are transforming materials and energy?

Ans: we are transforming materials and energy in different areas in order to sustain our lives.

37)How many years ago weapons were made by human grinding stones?

Ans: About two million years ago.

38)How many years ago man has learnt how to make fire?

Ans: About fifty thousand years ago.

39)Which is changing and improving with the passage of time?

Ans: Technology

40)The more civilization advances, the more we see the new technologies.

41)In the modern civilization it is very important to be punctual.

42)Our feelings of necessity and the will to solve the problems have encouraged the inventions of technology.

43)Science and technology are deeply related.

44)Necessity is the mother of invention.

45)What is the foundation of science?

Ans: The foundation of science was inquisitiveness or the will to know. To know the nature of different objects and events. To discover the causes of different events and find out the relation among them.

46)How we measure our fever or body temperature?

Ans: By using thermometer.

47)Which is the main area of the modem technology?

Ans: The main area of the modem technology is information technology.

48)Which have encouraged the inventions of technology?

Ans: Our feeling of necessity and the will to solve problems have encouraged the inventions of technology.

49)Scientists have come to know the laws of nature after die progress of science over a long period of time.

50)Scientists discover the reasons behind the origin of the earth.

51)What is the relation between scientists and biologists?

Ans: Biologists have discovered the laws relating to the characteristics, structure, growth and development of plants. Scientists conduct researches to know how light, air ,water and other things influence plants

52)Why we are dependent on technology?

Ans: We are dependent on technology for our life, expectations, protections against disasters and all other things.

53)The invention of new technology was accidental.

54)Scientists and a technologists work with different objects.

55)Which were the reasons behind the tools and instruments invented by man during the early stages?

Ans: The tools and instruments invented by man during the early stages were the results of trial and experiment.

56)With what technology is related?

Ans: Technology is related to the solving of practical problems by making tools and inventing different techniques.

57)Who discovered the reasons behind the origin of the earth?

Ans: Scientists

58)Scientists have discovered the structure of objects and the effects of energy on them.

59)What is the relation between science and technology?

Ans: The relation between science and technology is that Science discovers the laws of nature and technology applies the laws to invent instruments and solve practical problems.

60)Which must be followed to invent technology consciously?

Ans: The laws of nature.

61)What technologists apply?

Ans: Technologists apply the obtained knowledge to increase the production of crops.

62)What technology teaches us?

Ans: What technology teaches us how the use of technology increases our efficiency in work and improves the environment.

63)Due to the deep relation between science and technology the progress of science and technology has become fast.

64)Technology is as old as civilization.

65)Technology is not dependent on science only, the progress of science is also dependent on technology.

66)For what are the two main reasons, major change in agricultural technology took place?

Ans: A major change in agricultural technology took place due to two main reasons. One is that the biologists discovered how plants produce food taking energy from sunlight and other required elements from soil, water and air. The other is the invention of new agricultural instruments and mechanization of agriculture

67)What is the greatest revolution occurred during the end of the twentieth century?

Ans: The greatest revolution occurred during the end of the twentieth century through the use of bio-technology in agriculture.

68)In how many ages the progress of agricultural technology may be divided?

Ans: The progress of agricultural technology may be divided into three ages.

69)What is the most dangerous application of modern technology?

Ans: The most dangerous application of modern technology is the development of weapons of war and their uses.

70)The education of science and technology must be humane.

                      Chapter-10

71)Which technology reduce manual labor?

Ans: Mechanical technology.

72)What is called output?

Ans: Information is processed to get improved information called output.

73)Which technology is developed in the mid of the twentieth century?

Ans: Information technology

74)Which technology uses matter as input?

Ans: Mechanical technology

75)Which is the raw material of information technology?

Ans: Information

76)Which has freed man from much of the memorization?

Ans: The invention of letters.

77)Development and expansion of knowledge increased speedily.

78)The invention of printing helped information technology to proceed forward

79)Which has brought a revolution in the field of technology?

Ans: Electric computer

80)What is called data?

Ans: When information is collected relating to a situation it is called data.

81)What is called information?

Ans: When data is used to serve a special need we call it information.

82)What is the meaning of information technology?

Ans: The meaning of information technology is to collect and process information.

83)The influence of information technology is very wide and deep in the field of education, science and research.

84)Nowadays which is as valuable as natural resources?

Ans: Nowadays information is as valuable as natural resources.

85)Why information is processed?

Ans: Information is  processed or transformed to create improved information.

86)The influence of information technology is limitless in our personal, social and national life.

87)The influence of information technology is very wide and deep in the field of education, science and research.

88)A first generation computer needed a whole building to exchange and process information.

89)What is the main speciality of the modem age?

Ans:The main speciality of the modem age is the connectivity of the world through exchange of information.

90)Which has covered a new horizon in gathering and creating knowledge?

Ans: Technology

91)What is called information revolution?

Ans: the world’s store of knowledge is increasing at a fast speed. This is called information revolution.

92)What is the first work to collect information by internet?

Ans: To collect information by internet the first work is to search the required information.

93)What is the function of the search engine?

Ans: The search engine shows us all the web pages relating to the information that we want.